Mathematical Logic – Well Formed Formulas

A propositional variable is similar to any real variable you see in mathematics. For example xis a variable that can take any mathematical value. Similarly, a propositional variable, say P, can take any proposition as a value. The proposition as a value is called a propositional constant. Definition: WFFs produce a proposition.  To construct a WFF ...

Mathematical Logic – Translation

Translating English sentences into propositional forms We take an example to explain the procedure: Example: Convert the following sentence into propositional form:                 “If I earn more than 2Lac Rupees then I must file income tax return”. 1.  Identify the basic simple sentences and denote them with some variables.        In the above ...

Mathematical Logic – Predicate Calculus

Statements involving variables such as:               x > 5 i.e. “x is greater than 5” are very common in Mathematics and in computer programs. Such a statement is neither ‘false’ nor ‘true’ unless the possible value for variable x is specified and hence it is not a proposition. Predicates and quantifiers ...

Context Switch

A context switch (sometimes, process switch or a task switch) is the switching of the CPU from one process or thread to another.It is sometimes described as the kernel suspending execution of one process on the CPU and resuming execution of some other process that had previously been suspended.   Context switching can be described ...

Locality of Reference

Analysis of a large number of typical program has shown that the references to memory at any given interval of time tend to be confined within a few localized areas in memory. This is phenomenon is known as the property of locality of reference.          Over short interval of time, the addresses generated ...

Processes and Threads

Processes A processes is the “heaviest” unit of  kernel scheduling. Processes own resources allocated by the operating system. Resources include a. memory b. file handler c. sockets d. device handler e. windows Processes do not share address space or file resources except through explicit methods such as inheriting file handles or shared memory segments or ...

Hardwired control and Micro-programmed control

There are two major types of control organization – Hardwired control and micro-programmed control.    S.No. Hardwired Control                  Micro-programmed Control  1.  The control logic is implemented with gates, flip-flops, decoders. It can be optimized to produce fast mode of operation.  The control information is stored in control memory. The control memory is ...

Instruction codes

Instruction codes
The organization of the computer is defined by its internal registers, the timing and control structure and the set of instruction that it uses.The internal organization of a digital system is defined by the sequence of microoperations it performs on data stored in its registers The user of a computer can control the process by ...

Decidability of Languages 6

Decidability of Languages
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Closure Properties of Languages

Closure Properties of Languages
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